16 August 2025
Limit of Presidential Powers in the USA
đź”´ War Powers
The president is Commander-in-Chief, but declaring war and funding military action belong to Congress.
Why This Matters
War is the most radical decision of a state. The public must understand: the president cannot unilaterally plunge the nation into war. Consent of the people’s representatives in Congress is required.
A Real-Life Scenario
The president may order military action in case of immediate threat. But for long-term operations or a formal declaration of war, Congress must decide. History shows presidents have acted without approval, sparking political and legal disputes.
How It Really Works
Description: The president commands the armed forces as Commander-in-Chief.
Limit: Only Congress may declare war and allocate funds for prolonged conflicts.
Procedure: The president may act in emergencies, but sustained operations require legislative authorization.
Examples: In 1973, Congress passed the War Powers Resolution to limit presidential autonomy after the Vietnam War.
Image and Meaning
A shield with a red border: presidential initiatives crash against the barrier of Congress.
What the Marker Shows
đź”´ The red marker indicates the president cannot declare war independently.
Decoding the Illustration Symbols
Shield with red perimeter — barrier of Congress.
Black center — danger zone of war.
Arrows striking the shield — presidential attempts to act.
“Congress” inscription — sole authority to permit war.
Red square in the corner — categorical prohibition without Congress.
Alt-text:
Minimalist shield with red outline and black center. Two black arrows strike the shield. Below — the word “CONGRESS” inside a frame. In the lower right corner — a red square. The shield represents Congress, arrows symbolize presidential attempts, and the red marker indicates prohibition without legislative approval.
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Anna Pivtorak Kostyuk
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16.08.2025